Cao Bang

Ethnics Natural Heritages Trekking Live Local

Located in the far northeast of Vietnam, Cao Bằng is a breathtaking province known for its high-altitude landscapes of extraordinary beauty, featuring towering mountains, serene lakes, and vast, picturesque plains. Recognized by UNESCO as a Global Geopark, it is Vietnam’s second geopark, joining the prestigious network of world geological parks.

Natural Wonders of Cao Bằng

One of the most iconic landmarks of Cao Bằng is the Bản Giốc Waterfall, Vietnam’s largest and most beautiful waterfall, cascading dramatically along the Vietnam–China border. Nearby, the Nguom Ngao Cave, a spectacular limestone grotto adorned with intricate stalactites and stalagmites, is another must-visit natural wonder.

Beyond these famous attractions, Cao Bằng also boasts breathtaking hidden gems:

Phong Nậm Valley – A stunning valley surrounded by karst mountains and rice paddies, where travelers can witness the pristine beauty of rural Vietnam, with water buffalo grazing and local farmers working the fields. It’s one of the most photogenic spots in Cao Bằng.
Ngọc Côn Valley – Located near Bản Giốc, this valley is a peaceful escape, featuring lush landscapes, charming ethnic villages, and meandering rivers that reflect the surrounding mountains like a mirror. It is ideal for those who love nature and cultural immersion.
Vinh Quy Hill – An enchanting hill that offers a panoramic view of Cao Bằng’s rolling countryside. It is especially beautiful at sunrise and sunset, making it a favorite spot for photographers and nature lovers.

A Land of Deep Historical Significance

Cao Bằng holds great historical importance in Vietnam’s fight for independence:

The Battle of Cao Bằng (1950): The first major defeat of the French expeditionary force against the Việt Minh during the First Indochina War.
The Sino-Vietnamese War (1979): Where General Võ Nguyên Giáp’s forces successfully repelled a Chinese invasion within a week.
Pác Bó Historical Site: A sacred revolutionary site where President Hồ Chí Minh lived and planned Vietnam’s independence movement upon his return in 1941. The site includes Lenin Stream and Karl Marx Mountain, reflecting his ideological inspirations.

Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Heritage

Cao Bằng is home to a diverse mix of ethnic minorities, including the Tay, Nùng, Black Lô Lô, Dao, H’Mong, Sán Chỉ, and Kinh. While these groups live closely together, each retains its distinct traditions, language, and customs. Visiting their villages provides an immersive cultural experience, allowing travelers to witness traditional stilt houses, intricate embroidery, and authentic rural life.

Why Visit Cao Bằng?

Whether you seek breathtaking natural wonders, rich history, or vibrant ethnic culture, Cao Bằng offers an unforgettable journey into the heart of Vietnam’s remote beauty. From the majestic Bản Giốc Falls and serene Phong Nậm Valley to the historical significance of Pác Bó, this province is a must-visit destination for nature lovers and history enthusiasts alike.

Things to see and do

Top Attractions & Experiences in Cao Bằng

The Majestic Bản Giốc Waterfall, Vietnam’s highest and widest waterfall.
The Unique Karst Landscapes of Cao Bằng Geopark, A UNESCO-listed geological wonder.
Scenic Hikes Through Villages and Stunning Landscapes.
Explore the beauty of Phong Nậm Valley, Ngọc Côn Valley: Lush rice paddies, winding rivers, and towering limestone peaks create a breathtaking, postcard-perfect setting. A paradise for photographers and nature lovers, best explored by bicycle, motorbike, or trekking. The Quây Sơn River winds through these valleys, reflecting the dramatic mountains like a mirror.
The charming Vinh Quy Grass Hill: A hidden gem for sunrise and sunset views, offering panoramic vistas of the surrounding valleys. Ideal for hiking and picnicking, with cool, fresh air year-round.
Authentic Encounters with Ethnic Communities: Meet local ethnic groups in their villages hidden deep in remote valleys.
The Vibrant Bảo Lạc Market: A traditional ethnic market held on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 25th days of the lunar calendar.
The Mysterious Nguom Ngao Caves: A spectacular limestone cave filled with intricate stalactites and stalagmites.
Historical Sites Along the Famous “RC 4” (French Colonial Route No. 4): Visit the battlefields of Coc Xa and Thông Nông basins, former French prison villages, and the sacred Pác Bó Cave.
Traditional Craft Villages: Discover local artisans preserving age-old techniques in weaving, blacksmithing, and handicrafts.

Spotlight on Bản Giốc Waterfall

Bản Giốc Waterfall is the largest and most breathtaking waterfall in Vietnam, located on the Quây Sơn River, which serves as the natural border between Vietnam and China. The waterfall expands to nearly 300 meters in width and cascades down a series of three limestone terraces, with a total drop of 70 meters.

Set amidst karst peaks, lush forests, rice paddies, and bamboo groves, the surrounding landscape is simply mesmerizing. Along the riverbanks, you’ll also find traditional norias (water wheels), which have been used for centuries to channel water into rice and corn fields, showcasing the region’s deep-rooted agricultural traditions.

Bảo Lạc Market – A Hidden Gem

Unlike larger markets, Bảo Lạc Market is small and intimate, offering visitors a rare glimpse into the everyday life of ethnic minorities in Cao Bằng. Held on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 25th of the lunar calendar, it brings together groups such as the Tay, Nùng, Black Lô Lô, Dao, H’Mong, and Sán Chỉ.

While the clothing is generally simple, the women’s vibrant scarves and silver hair ornaments add a splash of color, reflecting their cultural heritage. Visiting Bảo Lạc Market is a fantastic way to witness traditional trade, unique local products, and the strong sense of community among different ethnic groups.